LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE

This volume contains the proceedings of the XXVIIth Annual Meeting of the European Consortium for Church and State Research, held in Alcalá de Henares during the days 12-15 November 2015, about the topic “Law and Religion in the Workplace”.
The conference was divided in five working sessions. Each session was introduced by a paper, making a comparative pan-European analysis, and suggesting themes for group discussion. These papers are published in the first part ot this book: 1) Religious freedom at work; 2) Religious ministers and labour law; 3) Autonomy of churches and human rights of the workers; 4) Religion in the workplace in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights; 5) Indirect discrimination and reasonable accommodation in the manifestations of religion in the workplace.
The second part of the book contains the national reports delivered from participants from the European Union countries. The reports gave responses to the following questions addressed in the grille thématique distributed among the delegates:
I. Religious freedom at work. How does your national law deal with religious freedom at work? In particular:
a) What are the key instruments or sources of law on religious freedom at work in your country? What are the key elements of this law? How is religion defined? Are non-religious beliefs protected?
b) Which manifestations of religious beliefs are protected?
c) What is the rationale of the approach? Is it ‘equality’ or ‘religious freedom’ or both or is there some other foundation?
d) What effect, if any, has the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights had in the national approach?
II. Religious ministers and labour law
a) What is the definition of religious minister according to the secular law of your country?
b) What is the labour status of religious ministers when working for their respective denominations?
c) What is the labour status of religious ministers when working in other institutions? (chaplains, teachers of religions in schools etc)
d) Are ministers of all denominations subject to the same labour law status?
e) What case-law has developed regarding the work of ministers of religion?
III. Autonomy of churches and human rights of the workers
a) In what terms is the autonomy of churches recognized in your country? Is it considered a manifestation of the collective dimension of religious freedom?
b) Are churches exempted from the general norms concerning anti-discrimination? To what extent?
c) What effects, if any, has European Union law had in this area?
d) What case-law has developed in this area?
I am pleased to record my gratitude to the institutions and entities which have contributed to the XXVII Annual Meeting of the European Consortium for Church and State Research: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Universidad de Alcalá and Banco Santander-Universidades. The meeting was planified as a central activity of the research project DER2013-45649-P. This project, funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, has supported also the publication of this book.

PREFACE
Miguel Rodríguez Blanco
THEMATIC OVERVIEW
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND ACCOMMODATION OF CONFLICTING WORLDVIEWS IN THE WORKPLACE
Jónatas E.M. Machado
MINISTRES DES CULTES ET DROIT DU TRAVAIL
Roberto Mazzola
AUTONOMY OF CHURCHES AND HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE WORKERS
Matthias Pulte
RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CASE LAW
Agustín Motilla
INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION AND REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION IN THE MANIFESTATIONS OF RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE
Pierre-Henri Prélot
NATIONAL REPORTS
RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE UNDER AUSTRIAN LAW
Wolfgang Wieshaider
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN BELGIUM
Jogchum Vrielink
FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF AT THE WORPLACE – LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CURRENT LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BULGARIA
Peter Petkoff
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN CYPRUS
Achilles Emilianides/Christina Ioannou
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Ji?í Rajmund Tretera/Záboj Horák
LAW AND RELIGION AT THE WORK PLACE: CASE OF ESTONIA
Merilin Kiviorg
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE (FINLAND)
Matti Kotiranta
LIBERTÉ DE RELIGION ET TRAVAIL - RAPPORT FRANÇAIS
B. Basdevant-Gaudemet, F. Messner, P.-H. Prélot
GERMAN NATIONAL REPORT
Christian Walter
GREECE
Lina Papadopoulou
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN HUNGARY
Balázs Schanda
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE. REPORT FOR THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
Stephen Farrell
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE. THE ITALIAN REPORT
Vincenzo Pacillo
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN LATVIA
Ringolds Balodis
LAW AND RELIGION AT THE WORK PLACE: CASE OF LITHUANIA
Donatas Glodenis
RELIGION AT THE WORKPLACE: LUXEMBOURG
Konstantinos Papastathis/Philippe Poirier
MALTA
Vincent A. de Gaetano
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORK PLACE: THE NETHERLANDS
Sophie van Bijsterveld
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE: POLAND
Piotr Stanisz
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE: ROMANIAN REPORT
Emanuel T?val?
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Michaela Morav?íková
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE – SLOVENIA
Blaž Ivanc
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE IN SPANISH LEGAL SYSTEM
José María Vázquez García-Peñuela
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE – SWEDEN
Lars Friedner
LAW AND RELIGION IN THE WORKPLACE: THE UNITED KINGDOM
Norman Doe
SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS
SOME CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS
Mark Hill